The result. And how long it lasts.
Treatment survival, cancer control, long-term follow-up, and the burden of conventional treatment.
Durability. Survival. Treatment burden.
Read the long-term record first, then the controlled comparisons and published treatment limitations.
Six cancers. Five-year follow-up.
| Cancer | Follow-up | Deaths from cancer |
|---|---|---|
| B-cell lymphoma | 5 years | 0% |
| Appendicular osteosarcoma | 5 years | 0% |
| Mast cell tumor | 5 years | 0% |
| Mammary carcinoma | 5 years | 0% |
| Oral melanoma | 5 years | 0% |
| Soft-tissue sarcoma | 5 years | 0% |
No recurrent or new cancers were recorded during follow-up. Unrelated non-cancer deaths were not attributed to ERA. Full follow-up accounting is retained in the study records.
Lymphoma · ERA versus CHOP.
| B-cell lymphoma endpoint | ERA · 40 dogs | CHOP · 40 dogs |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-free at 12 months | 40/40 · 100% | 7/40 · 17.5% |
| Alive at 12 months | 40/40 · 100% | 18/40 · 45% |
| Durability endpoint | 5-year follow-up ONC-010 extension | 211 days Median progression-free survival |
| Grade ≥3 treatment-attributed adverse events | 0/40 | 8/40 · 20% |
| Treatment-related deaths | 0 | 0 |
Median progression-free survival is a different endpoint from five-year follow-up. CHOP reached remission sooner: 28 versus 91 days. Neither arm recorded a treatment-related death.
Osteosarcoma · ERA versus local control + carboplatin.
All 150 ERA dogs survived the six-month treatment window, alive and free of distant metastasis. No ERA osteosarcoma deaths were recorded through two years.
| Appendicular osteosarcoma endpoint | ERA · 150 dogs | Local control plus carboplatin · 150 dogs |
|---|---|---|
| Alive and metastasis-free at six months | 150/150 · 100% | 118/150 · 78.7% |
| Alive at 24 months | 147/150 · 98% | 36/150 · 24% |
| Osteosarcoma deaths through 24 months | 0 | 109 |
| Survival endpoint | 5-year follow-up ONC-010 extension | 327 days Median overall survival |
| Grade 3 treatment-attributed adverse events | 2/150 · 1.3% | 18/150 · 12% |
| Grade 4–5 treatment-attributed adverse events | 0 | 4/150 · 2.7% |
Standard care consisted principally of amputation and carboplatin. ERA local procedures were recorded separately. Neither arm recorded a treatment-related death. Three later unrelated deaths account for ERA’s 98% all-cause survival at two years.
Published treatment limitations.
Severe toxicity, hospitalization and progression deserve attention alongside tumor response.
Selected external cohorts differ in disease, stage, protocol and era. These are published risks and limits, not direct trials against ERA or universal rates for conventional care.
| Treatment and population | Recorded outcome |
|---|---|
| Chemotherapy Chavalle et al., 2022 155 dogs; varied protocols | 80% had an adverse event; 32.3% severe events; 23.9% hospitalized; 7.7% stopped chemotherapy; severe events led to death/euthanasia in 5.8%. Original study |
| Adrenal SBRT Thorsen et al., 2026 21 dogs; high-risk adrenal tumors | Acute adverse events in 57%; suspected late events in 33%. Five dogs (24%) died from suspected radiation-related adverse events. Median overall survival: 16.8 months. Original study |
| Amputation alone Mauldin et al., 1988 19 dogs; osteosarcoma | Median survival: 175 days. No dog survived beyond 16 months. Original study |
| Amputation / resection plus chemotherapy Same 1988 study 19 dogs | Median survival: 300 days; two dogs survived at least three years. Suspected metastatic lesions developed in 18/19. No drug toxicity was observed. Original study |
| Anaesthesia / sedation Brodbelt et al., 2008 98,036 dogs | Related death within 48 hours: 0.17% overall; 0.05% in healthy dogs and 1.33% in sick dogs. Historical UK cohort, not cancer surgery alone; the authors found safety had improved. Original study |
Approved therapies · efficacy and safety.
Approval demonstrates benefit for a defined use; it does not remove the need to weigh durability and treatment burden.
| Therapy and context | Documented limits | Source and interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Tanovea · canine lymphoma 112 efficacy dogs / 120 treated safety dogs | Complete response: 50.9%. Median progression-free survival: 82 days versus 21 days with placebo. At Day 112, only 37/112 (33%) were progression-free. Five treated dogs developed fatal pulmonary fibrosis; all five had complete response at withdrawal. | Response did not eliminate the risk of fatal treatment toxicity. The trial included both previously treated and treatment-naïve dogs. Official prescribing information |
| Stelfonta · selected nonmetastatic mast cell tumors | The label describes extensive wound formation and post-approval reports of limb swelling and tissue sloughing resulting in amputation; death and euthanasia were also reported. | A local tumor treatment can carry serious local and systemic consequences. Spontaneous reports do not establish frequency or prove causation in every case. Official prescribing information |
| Palladia · recurrent grade II/III cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs | Common adverse events include diarrhea, reduced appetite, vomiting, neutropenia and GI bleeding. Rare serious, sometimes fatal GI complications include perforation; vascular complications can include thromboembolism. | Safety information for the approved indication, rather than an unrelated off-label pancreatic series. Official product and prescribing information |